下面為大家整理了科技英語的翻譯技巧,揚(yáng)中翻譯,供廣大譯員學(xué)習(xí)。
科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型,從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。例如it——that——結(jié)構(gòu)句型;被動態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)句型;結(jié)構(gòu)句型,分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)句型,省略句結(jié)構(gòu)句型等。
舉例如下:
it is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.
顯然,潤滑好的軸承,比不潤滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動。
it seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent&interacting.
看來這兩個科學(xué)分支是相互依存,相互作用的。
it was not until the 19th century that heat was cidered as a form of energy.
直到十九世紀(jì)人們才認(rèn)識到熱是能量的一種形式。
computers may be classified as ---og&digital.
計算機(jī)可分為模擬計算機(jī)和數(shù)字計算機(jī)兩種。
the switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.
新型晶體管的開關(guān)時間縮短了三分之二。或——縮短為三分之一。
this steel alloy is believed to be the best available here .
人們認(rèn)為這種合金鋼是這里能提供的1好的合金鋼。
electro---ic waves travel at the same speed as light.
反譯:在不少情況下,有的介詞短語如不從反面著筆,譯文就不通,這時必須反譯。如:
beyond, past,against等表示超過某限度的能力或反對……時,其短語有時用反譯法。如:
radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡已能探測普通光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡達(dá)不到的宇宙空間。
off, from等表示地點,揚(yáng)中翻譯中心,距離時,有時有反譯法。如:
the boat sank off the coast.這只船在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)處沉沒了。
but,except,besides等表示除去、除外時,有時用反譯法。
copper is the best conductor but silver.銅是僅次于銀的1優(yōu)導(dǎo)體。
the mdelecular formula, c6h14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon&hydrogen ---s.分子式c6h14只用來表示碳原子和氫原子的總數(shù)。
from,in等介詞短語作補(bǔ)足語時,揚(yáng)中翻譯公司,有時用反譯法。如:
an iron case will keep the earths ---ic field away from the compass.鐵箱能使地球磁場影響不了指南針。
the signal was shown about the machine being order.信號表明機(jī)器設(shè)有毛病。
“一個詞脫離上下文是不能翻譯的”索伯列夫,沒有上下文就沒有詞義。介詞的翻譯須根據(jù)上下文和詞的搭配靈活處理,切忌作對號入座的機(jī)械翻譯。
翻譯成漢語的主動句
將英語中的被動結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成漢語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)時,往往可以分成以下幾種不同的情況。
保留英語原句中的主語。
例如:
1all the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.
當(dāng)他們到達(dá)時,所有的票都售完了。
2theatre will be reinvented&become much freer&more imaginative.
戲劇將脫胎換骨,變得更為自由,更富---力。
3nuclear powers danger to health, safety,揚(yáng)中翻譯,&even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能對健康、安全、甚至對生命本身所構(gòu)成的危險可以用一個詞來概括:輻射。
將主語翻譯為賓語。
在動作發(fā)出者不言自明或難以言明時,英語常用被動句。而漢語在這種情況下,往往需要添加“有人”、“大家”、“別人”、“人們”之類的泛稱主語。例如:
1i was told not to trust what i read in the news---.
有人告訴我不要相信報紙上的消息。
2it could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人會-,無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點,但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動、真實得多。
3it is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character&later personality.